Myth and National Identity in Nineteenth-Century Britain: The Legends of King Arthur and Robin Hood

In 19th-century Britain, the legends of Arthur - the King - and Robin Hood - the outlaw - played an important role in construction of contemporary national identity from very different perspectives, suggesting that nationalism did not represent a single set of values and ideas.
Scholars with an interest in how modern national consciousness comes into being through fictional narratives find that literature is of particular importance to this process, for it is responsible for tracing the nation's evolution through glorious tales of its history. In 19th-century Britain, the legends of King Arthur and Robin Hood played an important role in construction of contemporary national identity. These two legends provide windows through which to view British culture, because they provide very different perspectives. King Arthur and Robin Hood have traditionally been diametrically opposed in terms of their ideological orientation. The former is a king, a man at the pinnacle of the social and political hierarchy, whereas the latter is an outlaw, and is therefore completely outside conventional hierarchical structures. The fact that two such different figures could simultaneously function as British national heroes suggests that 19th-century British nationalism did not represent a single set of values and ideas, but rather that it was forced to assimilate a variety of competing points of view.